During the First World War a catastrophic event took place in the frontline fighting near the Valleys of Natisone. In addition to collecting and preserving testimonies and relics from that dismal period, the Museum of Caporetto also has the task of publishing relevant documents.

Among these is the diary of young officer Erwin Rommel, which contains a passage of particular local interest describing the assault on Mount Matajur. 

On the sharp eastern ridge 500 metres east of the mountain’s summit, Italian troops were caught by surprise. The Italian regiment was stationed facing north on the northern slope under the ridge, which rises from 1467 metres to the 1642 metres summit. Unaware of events unfolding behind them, they were fighting patrols from the 12th division, who were climbing towards Matajur from the mountain (Mount Colonna). Suddenly Austrian-German troops appeared at their rear, arms at the ready and demanding surrender.